Home » Blog » 在英文寫作中平行結構(Parallelism)的文法例句與正確用法
在英文寫作中平行結構(Parallelism)的文法例句與正確用法
作者: Wallace
發布日期: 2017 / 9 / 19, |
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以下是與華樂絲合作過的客戶
問題:「編輯對我的論文提出不少關於平行結構的意見。
– 國立臺北大學管理學院碩士生
回答:
平行結構是指以「相同語法呈現多個對等的概念」。
- Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.(你想要別人怎麼對待你,便要先怎麼對待別人)
- Some say the world will end in fire, some say in ice. (有人說世界將終結於烈火,有人說終結於冰封)
以下是需要修改成平行結構的例句
例句一:
While it was raining, I had to run into the grocery store, the dry cleaners, and stop at the bookstore.
這個句子並未採用平行結構,因為當中三個對等的概念裡頭,
在中間的對等概念裡面加上「
另一個修改方式是將原句中的「stop at」刪去,得到:While it was raining, I had to run into the grocery store, the dry cleaners, and the bookstore.(下雨的時候,我只好跑進雜貨店、乾洗店、
例句二:
The test was long and requiring skills we hadn’t learned.
這個句子並沒有採用平行結構,
The test was long and required skills we hadn’t learned.(這個考試需要花很多時間,
而且需要一些還沒學到的技術。)
對於成對概念或列舉項目而言(如上述兩個例句所示),
成對概念的平行句構
在英文句子中使用成對的概念或項目,通常會佐以比較句型,
例句一:
《比較句型》
Our neighbor’s house is bigger than the size of our house.
參考改法:
Our neighbor’s house is bigger than our house.(鄰居家比我們家還大)
或是
The size of our neighbor’s house is bigger than the size of our house.(鄰居家的大小比我們家還大)
例句二:
《對等連接詞》
Shou-bi, my crazy dog loves running after Frisbees and plays with leaves.
參考改法:
Shou-bi, my crazy dog, loves running after Frisbees and playing with leaves.(我的小瘋狗「瘦比」喜歡追著飛盤跑和玩樹葉)
或是
Shou-bi, my crazy dog, loves to run after Frisbees and to play with leaves.(我的小瘋狗「瘦比」喜歡追著飛盤跑和玩樹葉)
例句三:
《相關連接詞》
Not only was he rude, but also ate all the shrimp balls.
參考改法:
Not only was he rude, but also he ate all the shrimp balls.(他不只沒禮貌,還吃光所有的蝦球)
或是
Not only was he rude, but he also ate all the shrimp balls.(他不只沒禮貌,還吃光所有的蝦球)
列舉項目的平行句構
列舉項目不僅包含鑲嵌在句子裡的概念,
例句:
After I get off work, I’m driving to the gym, running five miles, and weights.
- 找出第一個列舉項目之前的句幹(After I get off work, I’m…)
- 確認句幹可以搭配第一個項目(After I get off work, I’m driving to the gym.)
- 確認句幹可以搭配第二個項目(After I get off work, I’m running five miles.)
- 句幹無法搭配第三個項目(After I get off work, weights.)
- 修正為平行句構:After I get off work, I’m driving to the gym, running five miles, and lifting weights.(下班後,我要開車去健身房、
跑個五英哩和練舉重) - 確認句幹可以搭配第三個項目(After I get off work, I’m lifting weights.)
錯誤例句一:
《鑲嵌在句子裡的概念》
On Saturday, my roommates and I are playing in a game of basketball, collecting coats for charity, work on our homework for three hours, and go to a party in the Village.
參考改法:
On Saturday, my roommates and I are going to play in a game of basketball, collect coats for charity, spend three hours on homework, and go to a party in the Village.(星期六我跟室友打算去打籃球、
收集外套拿去捐贈、寫作業三小時和參加村裡的派對)
或是
On Saturday, my roommates and I are playing in a game of basketball, collecting coats for charity, spending three hours on homework, and going to a party in the Village.(星期六我跟室友打算去打籃球、
收集外套拿去捐贈、寫作業三小時和參加村裡的派對)
錯誤例句二:
《列舉項目》
The people I have met since starting college include the following:
Mei-ing Chang
Joe Chen, a guy from the Taipei area
Adam Lu and Donna Liu
Ian Yang from Hong Kong
and Jason Li, whom I met in math class
參考改法:
The people I have met since starting college include the following:
Mei-ing Chang
Joe Chen
Adam Lu
Donna Liu
Ian Yang
Jason Li
或是
The people I have met since starting college include the following:
Mei-ing Chang from near Taichung
Joe Chen from the Taipei area
Adam Lu from Hsinchu
Donna Liu from Hsinchu
Ian Yang from Hong Kong
Jason Li from Morris, Indiana
利用平行結構
若將最重大或意想不到的項目擺在列舉的最後一個順位,
將最重大的項目擺在最後:In the accident, he received cuts on his face, a mild concussion, a cracked rib, and a ruptured spleen.(那場意外使他臉部割傷、輕度腦震盪、肋骨斷裂、
將最重大的項目擺在中間:In the accident, he received cuts on his face, a ruptured spleen, a cracked rib, and a mild concussion.(那場意外使他臉部割傷、脾臟破裂、
使用相同或並列的字彙來搭配所比較的概念,可以加強比較的效果。
使用相同字彙的例句:It’s unusual to feel intense attraction and intense repulsion for the same person.(
使用並列字彙的例句:You always seem to run to guitar lessons and crawl to piano lessons.(你總是快步跑去上吉他課,
使用平行結構的重點回顧
- 平行結構的句型是指「
以相同語法形式來呈現多個對等概念或列舉項目」。 - 平行結構是一種修辭或風格手法,
以適切或有效的方式來排列欲強調的概念。 - 英文句子中的成對概念應該要採用平行結構的句型。
- 無論是鑲嵌在句子中的多個概念,或是一條條列舉出來的項目,
兩者都應採用平行結構的句型。 - 在多數情況下,將句子或列舉項目改為平行結構的形式不只一種。
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