Home » Blog » 英文中的簡單句(simple sentence)、複合句(compound sentence)、複雜句(complex sentence)與複合複雜句(compound-complex sentence)
英文中的簡單句(simple sentence)、複合句(compound sentence)、複雜句(complex sentence)與複合複雜句(compound-complex sentence)
作者: Wallace
發布日期: 2024 / 2 / 23, |
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以下是與華樂絲合作過的客戶
英文文法多樣化且複雜,尤其是英文句子的結構更是容易讓人一頭霧水。這個禮拜,我們來快速討論四種英文句子的使用方式以及差異。
1. 簡單句(simple sentence)
簡單句是最基本的英文句型,由一個具有完整意思的獨立子句(independent clause)組成。獨立子句為「主詞+動詞」的句型,以下提供幾個簡單句的例子:
He is a good boy.(他很乖。)
She used to come every Sunday.(她以前每週日都會來。)
I go to work every weekday.(我週一到週五每天都要去上班。)
相關英文寫作文章推薦:英文子句的使用方式
2. 複合句(compound sentence)
複合句由兩個以上意思完整的獨立子句所組成;兩個子句則透過對等連接詞(coordinating conjunction)或是分號連接。英文對等連接詞一共有七個,分別是:「for」、「and」、「nor」、「but」、「or」、「yet」、「so」(記憶口訣:FANBOYS)。以下提供幾個複合句的例子:
People gathered at the memorial, for they wanted to pay tribute to those sacrificed in the war.(大家都聚在紀念碑,想對那些因戰爭而犧牲的人們表達敬意。)
I went to the party, and Jane was there.(我參加了派對,Jane也在那。)
He has not replied in the group chat, nor has he answered any of our calls.(他還沒在群組回覆,也沒有接聽我們任何人的電話。)
I went to bed early, but my sister stayed up all night.(我早早就睡了,但我姊姊整夜都沒睡。)
You need to study harder, or you will fail the course.(你要更認真唸書,不然會被當的。)
The people took to the street to express their discontent with the policy, yet the government decided to turn a blind eye.(人們上街表達他們對於政策的不滿,但政府卻選擇忽視。)
I was feeling a bit unwell, so I did not go to work today.(我有點不舒服,所以今天沒去上班。)
I had to break the news to them; they were devastated and could not speak for a few minutes.(我必須告訴他們這個消息,他們非常難過,有好幾分鐘都沒辦法說話。)
3. 複雜子句(complex sentence)
由一完整句子的獨立子句(independent clause)搭配一個以上從屬子句(dependent clause)組成的句子。從屬子句以從屬連接詞(subordinating conjunction)開頭;常見的從屬連接詞有「because」、「although」、「when」、「after」、「before」等。從屬子句無法單獨使用,因為它是用來修飾獨立子句或是補充資訊。以下提供幾個例子:
Everyone loves him because he has a big personality.(他很大方,所以大家都喜歡他。)
We decided to go with Ian’s proposal although there were still parts that needed to be clarified.(我們決定採納Ian的提案,但還是有許多地方需要進一步釐清。)
My mom walked in when I was on a Zoom call for work.(我媽在我用Zoom視訊開會的時候走進來。)
He was a bit overwhelmed after he heard the news.(他聽到消息後有點無法消化。)
I take 15 minutes to meditate every day before I go to sleep.(我每天睡前會花15分鐘冥想。)
注意:上述例子在獨立子句優先、從屬子句在後的結構下,獨立與從屬句子之間不需要使用逗號,但若兩者順序調換就需要逗號。以下提供三個例子:
Because he has a big personality, everyone loves him.(由於他個性開朗,因此受到了大家的喜愛。)
Although there were still parts that needed to be clarified, we decided to go with Ian’s proposal.(雖然還有一些細節需要澄清,但我們決定接受伊恩的提議。)
When I was on a Zoom call for work, my mom walked in.(當我正在進行工作的Zoom通話時,媽媽走了進來。)
4. 複合複雜句(compound-complex sentence)
顧名思義,複合複雜句就是由複合句與複雜句組成,並含有兩個以上的獨立子句以及一個以上的從屬子句。以下提供幾個例子供您參考:
She was already on her way to work when she got the call, so she told them to wait until she finished work.(她接到電話時已經在去公司的路上了,所以她請他們等她下班再說。)
Rumors about their break-up have been circulating for days after they deleted all their photos together on Instagram, and the fans are still waiting for an official statement.(在他們刪光IG上所有的合照後,他們分手的傳言已經持續好幾天,粉絲目前還在等待官方的聲明。)
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