Home » Blog » 什麼是長破折號(Em Dash)
什麼是長破折號(Em Dash)
作者: Shane C.
發布日期: 2022 / 11 / 14, |
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以下是與華樂絲合作過的客戶
長破折號(—)比連字號(-)與短破折號(–)長
要打出長破折號,您需要按ALT 0151,如果這個快捷按法無效,您也可以用打字方式產出長破折號,按兩個連字號後面不加空白直接打任意字,例如: “see,” 兩個連字號 “this”,您會得到 see—this。
如果您想要在長破折號的兩邊加空白,回過頭去插入即可。
長破折號是文學格式符號,不需要用到它也可以符合正確的標點符號用法,長破折號只是反映個人選擇的符號。我只想得到一個長破折號的「必要」用途,此用途「規則」標示出來,其餘的則是「選擇」。
不過,確保不要過度使用長破折號,不然效果會大減。
當您可以用長破折號時:
規則:用於指示遭到某人或講者自身打斷的談話
“You just haven’t been listening. I told you—”“No, you aren’t listening to me.”
“Why did she—oh never mind, it doesn’t matter.”
選擇:用於對話中途的動作頓點
“Wait! I need”—Mark looked down and cleared his throat—“um, well, here, you forgot this.”
註:使用逗號代替長破折號是不正確的,然而,可以將之分成兩句:“Wait! I need . . .” Mark looked down and cleared his throat. “Um, well, here, you forgot this.”
選擇:使用長破折號,而不是逗號或括號,是為了將更多重點放在框起來的資訊。
My son is now a scholar—nearly in the 90 percentile—so you wouldn’t know by looking at him that he used to be failure to thrive.
註:一般經驗法則,括號的用途更像是補充、澄清或對句中主題的評論,而逗號用於該資訊是句子自然流暢行文的一部分,不需要加以強調。長破折號將更多重點放在框起來的資訊,使其更為顯眼。
選擇:用於分隔已經包含逗號的修飾片語
If you need to get a hold of me quickly, try email first—my work email, not my personal one—and I’m more likely to see it sooner than a text.
註:這句可以因為我想要強調其中的內容而加上破折號,合情合理,畢竟強調是哪個帳號很重要。然而,在這種結構中,作者可選用破折號,不是因為想要強調框起來的元素,而是因為句中包含數個逗號,因此,破折號避免了過度頻繁使用的逗號,增進句子可讀性。
選擇:使用長破折號,而不是冒號(見部落格1 及部落格2,明白何時可以使用冒號)。
Many jobs interest me—teaching, editing, public speaking, and tutoring.
There was a clear reason for a drop in attendance at NBA games this season—there was no superstar to take the place of Michael Jordan.
註:通常在做使用破折號而非冒號的考量時,是因為想更加強調長破折號框起來的部分。
練習
長破折號不是必要的,不過為了練習,在合理的地方放進長破折號。下面有一句是我覺得放入長破折號反而有錯的句子,看看您是否能找出來。
- “Yes, I think we . . . Xiao Ming, don’t touch that. Sorry I need to go get my son.”
- Most of my family members, my brother, his wife, my sister, her husband, and my mom, came with us.
- Mark Alma Lunduqist, born in 1978, became the head doctor.
- Save the Cat is one of the few books, actually, the only book, you’ll ever need on craft.
- I bought several clothing items, all of which were on sale, since I have changed size.
- “Don’t you think.” Chen rubbed his eyes. “I mean, it’s what I would do.”
- Chang has one golden rule for dealing with money: “Never a borrower nor a lender be.”
- “Why do you think . . .” “Shhh. Don’t talk!”
解答:
- “Yes, I think we—Xiao Ming, don’t touch that. Sorry I need to go get my son.”(長破折號是正確的選擇,因為講者還沒說完,他們只是打斷了自己的話)
- Most of my family members—my brother, his wife, my sister, her husband, and my mom—came with us.(因為框起來的元素包含逗號,長破折號有助增進可讀性)
- Mark Alma Lunduqist, born in 1978, became the head doctor.(不要加長破折號,事實上,我會把這個資訊放進括號,而非逗號之間,因為這是一個補充資訊,不需要強調)
- Save the Cat is one of the few books—actually, the only book—you’ll ever need on craft.(框起來的元素很重要,作者可選擇用長破折號強調它,其中還包含一個逗號,但也只有一個,所以如果沒有強調的必要,我個人不會用長破折號)
- I bought several clothing items—all of which were on sale—since I have changed size.(如果跟配偶對話者很擔憂花掉的錢,對此加以強調是合理的)
- “Don’t you think—Chen rubbed his eyes—I mean, it’s what I would do.”
- Chang has one golden rule for dealing with money—“Never a borrower nor a lender be.”
- “Why do you think—” “Shhh. Don’t talk!”(說話者的話被打斷,而非正常說完,因此長破折號是正確的選擇)
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