英文文法中，正確的使用介係詞：At、By、For、From、On

提問：「我常常搞混介系詞。可以請您談談介系詞在不同情況下的運用嗎？」

一位博士生以email提出的問題（就讀大學未知）

回答：

在英文詞類中，介系詞的功用是幫助作者將概念、人物、地方及事情設在一地點、時間或空間中。

常見的介系詞包括：at、by、for、from、under、without、with、to、while、during、on

介系詞的出現通常意味著一個片語的開始，而片語可為句子的主詞及動詞添加意思。因此，若要引導讀者理解介系詞片語的含意，選擇正確的介系詞十分重要。

在下列名詞後使用for：

• A check for (amount of money): She gave me a check for $50.
• A demand for something: There wasn’t enough demand for the product.
• A need for something: In the class, a real need for discipline is evident.
• A reason for doing something: I have a reason for doing that.

在下列名詞後使用in：

• A rise in something: A rise in prices has occurred.
• A fall in something: A fall in prices affected the employees.
• A decrease in something: We have seen decreases in production levels.

在下列名詞後使用of：

• A cause of something: She is the cause of all his problems.
• A photograph or a picture of something or someone: He took a picture of the girl.

在下列名詞後使用to：

• The damage to something: I did a lot of damage to my car.
• An invitation to an activity: We were invited to their wedding.
• A reaction to something: Her reaction to his behavior was funny.
• A solution to a problem: He provided the solution to our issue.
• An attitude to something: Your attitude to your problems is lousy.

在下列名詞後使用with：

• A relationship with someone or something: The relationship with my dog is fun.
• A connection with someone or something: His connection with the city is limited.
• A contact with someone or something: Have you had contact with Sarah?

在下列名詞後使用between：

• A connection between two things: There is no connection between the two ideas.
• A relationship between two things: The relationship between the two is strong.
• A contact between two things: There is little contact between the two parents.
• A difference between two things: There is no difference between those two colors.

使用適當的介系詞

每個介系詞對於開啟下一個片語都有其特定意義。了解這些特定用法有助於寫作者幫助讀者理解文章內容。

IN

用於空間

• In a garden
• In a room

用於水體、水域

• In the sea
• In a river

用於線條

• In a row
• In a queue

用於靜態（非動作性）動詞及城市、國家、州等

• Stay in Taiwan
• Work in Taipei

用於月、年、一段時間

• In April
• In 2014

用於未來的一段時間

• In a few weeks
• In a few hours

AT

用於地點

• At the bus-stop
• At the door

用於頁面上的位置

• At the top
• At the bottom

用於人群

• At the back of the class
• At the front of class

用於靜態（非動作）動詞及地點

• At the cinema
• At work

用於精確時間

• At 10:30
• At two pm

ON

用於表面

• On the table
• On the desk

用於小島

• On Maui
• On Green Island

用於方向

• On the left
• One the right

用於週間日期

• On Monday
• On Tuesday

用於日曆上特定日期

• On Halloween
• On October 29^th

TO

用於go、come、drive等動作動詞

• Go to work
• Drive to Las Vegas

FOR

用於表示一段時間

• For three weeks
• For many months

WHILE

與動詞形態一起使用

• While I was watching TV
• While I lived in New York

DURING

與名詞一起使用以表示某事之發生

• During class
• During my vacation

注意事項 ：

1. 房間的角落為「in the corner of a room」，街道的角落為「at the corner of a street」。
2. 建築物的前方以「in the front of buildings」表達，後方以「at the back of buildings」表達。
3. 一張紙的正面以「on the front of a piece of paper」表達，背面以「on the back of a piece of paper」表達。

介系詞片語參考

本篇文章改編自美國中北大學寫作中心（North Central University Writing Center）的〈修改草稿風格〉（Revising the Draft for Style）一節。

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2. 如何正確使用形容詞和名詞
3. 研究論文中常見的兩個文法問題：單複數動詞、一般代名詞與關係代名詞
4. ‘單引號’？”雙引號”？到底該如何正確使用它們？

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